Problems that should be paid attention to in the cutting of difficult-to-machine materials
The cutting process is roughly divided into turning, milling and cutting with center teeth (end cutting of drills, end mills, etc.), and the cutting heat of these cutting processes has different effects on the edge. Turning is a kind of continuous cutting, the cutting force borne by the edge tip has no obvious change, and the cutting heat continuously acts on the cutting edge. Milling is a kind of intermittent cutting, the cutting force acts on the edge tip intermittently, vibration will occur during cutting, and the heat influence on the edge tip is the alternating heating during cutting and cooling during non-cutting, and the total heat is less than that during turning.
The cutting heat during milling is an intermittent heating phenomenon, and the cutter teeth are cooled when they are not cutting, which will be beneficial to the extension of tool life. The Japanese Institute of Physics and Chemistry has made a comparative test on the tool life of turning and milling. The tool used for milling is a ball end mill and the tool used for turning is a general turning tool. The two are in the same material and cutting conditions (due to different cutting methods, the cutting depth, feed rate, cutting speed, etc. can only be roughly the same) and the same environmental conditions. The results show that milling is more beneficial to prolong the tool life.
When cutting with a drill bit with a center edge (I. e., the cutting speed = 0 m/min), a ball end mill and other tools, the tool life near the center edge is often low, but it is still stronger than turning. When cutting difficult-to-machine materials, the cutting edge is greatly affected by heat, which often reduces the tool life. If the cutting method is milling, the tool life will be relatively longer. However, it is difficult to process materials from beginning to end by milling, and there is always a need for turning or drilling. Therefore, corresponding technical measures should be taken to improve processing efficiency according to different cutting methods.
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